Creating a Fire-Safe Perimeter

Wildfires are a constant and growing threat, particularly in areas like Berkeley and across California. The devastating impact of these fires often extends well beyond the immediate blaze, as embers and radiant heat can travel long distances, igniting structures that were once considered safe. Creating a fire-safe perimeter is one of the most effective ways to defend your home and property against this increasingly serious risk.

In this blog, we will explore how to establish a fire-safe perimeter around your home, which includes defensible space and other strategies recommended by local fire safety experts, including the Berkeley FireSafe Council and the California FireSafe Council.

What Is a Fire-Safe Perimeter?

A fire-safe perimeter is a defensible space that reduces the amount of combustible material around your property, thereby decreasing the chances of a fire spreading to your home. This space typically includes a combination of landscape management, fire-resistant materials, and maintenance practices.

Creating a fire-safe perimeter involves several key strategies, including clearing dry vegetation, managing tree spacing, using fire-resistant plants, and maintaining non-combustible materials in key areas around your home.

According to the Berkeley FireSafe Council, the goal of a fire-safe perimeter is not only to protect your home from direct flame exposure but also to limit the spread of embers that can ignite your house from afar.

1. Defensible Space: Understanding Zones 0, 1, and 2

The California FireSafe Council outlines a three-zone system for defensible space, which serves as the foundation for creating a fire-safe perimeter. The zones are divided based on their distance from your home and their role in wildfire defense. Understanding these zones is essential to protect your home effectively.

Zone 0 (0 to 5 feet)

This is the immediate zone directly around your home. Zone 0 is critical because it is here that embers can easily land, especially during high winds, and ignite combustible materials. In this zone, no flammable materials should be present, and planting should be carefully controlled.

• What to do in Zone 0:
  
  

• Remove dry leaves, twigs, and other debris from around your house, roof, and gutters.
  
  

• Use non-combustible materials such as gravel, stone, or concrete for walkways and ground covers.
  
  

• Plant low-growing, fire-resistant plants. Avoid using bark mulch or dry grass, which are highly flammable.
  
  

• Install ember-resistant vents and make sure there are no gaps in eaves or soffits that could allow embers to enter your home.
  
  

The Berkeley FireSafe Council suggests using hardscaping (stone, gravel, or pavers) to reduce combustible materials in Zone 0 and improve ember protection. They also recommend clearing any vegetation and flammable objects within this 5-foot zone.

Zone 1 (5 to 30 feet)

Zone 1 serves as a buffer between the immediate surroundings and your home. This area should reduce fuel for the fire and prevent flames from reaching your home directly. Vegetation management and spacing are essential in Zone 1 to prevent fire from spreading.

• What to do in Zone 1:
  
  

• Trim trees and shrubs to maintain vertical and horizontal spacing.
  
  

• Clear dead or dying plants that can easily catch fire.
  
  

• Remove ladder fuels (plants or trees that could allow fire to climb up to the canopy).
  
  

• Keep branches at least 10 feet away from the roof and chimneys.
  
  

The California FireSafe Council recommends keeping this zone free of heavy fuels such as dense shrubs and trees. Properly spacing your trees and shrubs can reduce the risk of a fire from jumping from vegetation to your home.

Zone 2 (30 to 100 feet)

Zone 2 extends further from your home, where the primary goal is to slow down the spread of wildfire and create a buffer between the fire and your structure. In this zone, managing vegetation is key to ensuring that a wildfire doesn’t have easy access to your home.

• What to do in Zone 2:
  
  

• Thin trees and shrubs to reduce their fuel load and increase the distance between them.
  
  

• Regularly clear fallen leaves, twigs, and debris that could act as fuel.
  
  

• Consider creating fuel breaks, such as gravel paths or driveways, to stop fire spread.
  
  

• Use fire-resistant landscaping materials, including rock, decomposed granite, and other non-combustible options.
  
  

The Berkeley FireSafe Council stresses that Zone 2 requires careful management of vegetation, as the trees and shrubs in this area can still contribute to the intensity of a wildfire if left unmanaged.

2. Fire-Resistant Landscaping

A fire-safe perimeter extends beyond the immediate zones around your house and involves choosing the right plants and materials for your landscaping.

The California FireSafe Council recommends using fire-resistant plants to reduce the risk of fire spreading to your home. Fire-resistant plants have a higher moisture content, which makes them less likely to catch fire. Some good options for fire-resistant plants include:

• Succulents like aloe vera or agave
  
  

• Lavender and other aromatic herbs
  
  

• Manzanita, a native shrub known for its fire resistance
  
  

Additionally, Berkeley FireSafe Council emphasizes the importance of irrigation in keeping your landscaping fire-resistant. Well-watered plants and lawns are less likely to dry out and catch fire during a drought or fire season.

Hardscaping is also an essential component of fire-safe landscaping. Materials like stone, gravel, and concrete are excellent for creating defensible spaces and preventing fires from spreading from the ground up. These materials don’t burn and provide effective firebreaks around your property.

3. Use Noncombustible Materials Around the House

Creating a fire-safe perimeter also includes the use of noncombustible materials in areas like decks, fences, and the exterior of your home. Wooden fences, in particular, can easily catch fire and should be replaced with metal, stone, or masonry fences that are noncombustible. Similarly, your deck should be made from fire-resistant composite materials rather than wood, which can easily ignite when exposed to embers.

The Berkeley FireSafe Council advises homeowners to install fire-resistant roofing, non-combustible gutters, and temper-resistant windows as part of their fire safety perimeter. These upgrades work together to provide a comprehensive barrier against wildfires and ember attacks.

4. Local Resources and Programs

As you work to create a fire-safe perimeter, take advantage of local resources. Both the Berkeley FireSafe Council and California FireSafe Council offer programs, advice, and even funding opportunities to help homeowners strengthen their properties against wildfires. Some of these programs include wildfire mitigation grants, workshops, and inspection services that assess the fire risks of your property.

The Berkeley FireSafe Council provides free consultations and resources to help residents better understand how to create defensible space and maintain fire-safe homes. Their website offers helpful guides, and they regularly hold community workshops on fire safety and home hardening (berkeleyfiresafe.org).

Conclusion

Creating a fire-safe perimeter around your home is a crucial step in protecting your property from the devastating effects of wildfires. By understanding Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2, using fire-resistant materials, and incorporating fire-safe landscaping, you can significantly reduce the risk of your home catching fire from embers or radiant heat.

With the support of organizations like the California FireSafe Council and Berkeley FireSafe Council, you can take proactive steps to harden your home and create a safer environment for your family and your community.

Related Blogs in Our Series:

• Top 10 Materials to Avoid in Wildfire Zones
  
  

• How to Harden Your Home for Ember Resistance
  
  

Defensible Space: The First Line of Defense Against Wildfires in Berkeley

When it comes to wildfire preparedness, defensible space is one of the most critical elements in safeguarding your home. It’s the area around your property where you take proactive steps to eliminate fuel sources that could feed a fire, particularly flying embers, which are responsible for more than 90% of home ignitions during wildfires. In Berkeley, the city’s new EMBER program emphasizes the importance of creating defensible space as part of its comprehensive approach to wildfire resilience.

But what exactly is defensible space, and why is it such a crucial element in wildfire defense? Let's break it down and explore the steps Berkeley homeowners need to take to comply with the city’s wildfire safety regulations, including clearing combustible materials, managing vegetation, and using fire-resistant landscaping to create a barrier between your home and potential wildfires.

What is Defensible Space?

Defensible space is a buffer zone between your home and the surrounding vegetation or combustible materials. By clearing away fuels—such as dry leaves, grass, trees, shrubs, and other flammable materials—you reduce the likelihood of a wildfire reaching your home. Defensible space serves as an effective defense against wildfire embers, which can travel long distances and ignite homes before the main fire front arrives.

The new EMBER program mandates that homeowners in high-risk areas, particularly in neighborhoods like the Berkeley Hills, maintain defensible space around their homes. These regulations are designed to slow down the spread of fire and ensure that homes and neighborhoods are more resilient to wildfires.

The Three Zones of Defensible Space

Creating defensible space is not a one-size-fits-all approach. The EMBER program outlines three distinct zones based on the proximity to your home. Each zone has specific rules and requirements for managing vegetation and other fire hazards.

1. Zone 0 (0-5 feet) – The most critical zone, Zone 0 is the area immediately surrounding your home. This zone requires the removal of all combustible materials, including dry leaves, mulch, and branches. The goal is to eliminate any material that could catch fire from embers or radiant heat. You must also remove or replace any wooden fences or structures attached to your home with non-combustible materials like stone, steel, or concrete.
   
   

2. Zone 1 (5-30 feet) – This zone focuses on reducing vegetation that could fuel a fire. Homeowners are required to trim trees and clear shrubs to minimize the risk of fire climbing up to the canopy. Ladder fuels, which allow fire to travel from the ground to the tree canopy, should be removed. Trees and shrubs should be spaced adequately to reduce the continuity of fuel.
   
   

3. Zone 2 (30-100 feet) – Zone 2 is the extended area around your property. This zone helps further slow the spread of fire by creating fuel breaks using hardscaping (such as gravel or stone paths). Vegetation should be thinned out, and dead plants or fallen debris should be regularly cleared.
   
   

Steps to Creating Defensible Space in Berkeley

Now that we understand the importance of defensible space and the three key zones, let’s look at the specific steps Berkeley homeowners should take to comply with the EMBER program and ensure their homes are fire-resilient:

1. Clear Combustible Materials from Zone 0 (0-5 feet):
   Begin by removing any dry vegetation, leaves, twigs, and branches from around your home. Ensure there are no wooden fences or combustible items within this area. Replace any flammable mulch with non-combustible alternatives such as gravel, pavers, or stone.
   
   

2. Trim Trees and Shrubs in Zone 1 (5-30 feet):
   Remove dead trees and trim tree branches to create at least 10 feet of clearance from chimneys and stovepipes. Thin out any dense shrubbery and trees to ensure proper spacing between them. This helps slow the fire’s ability to spread by reducing fuel continuity.
   
   

3. Use Fire-Resistant Landscaping:
   Opt for fire-resistant plants like succulents or plants with low moisture content, which are less likely to catch fire. Avoid planting highly flammable vegetation like juniper or pine trees within 30 feet of your home.
   
   

4. Create Fuel Breaks:
   In Zone 2 (30-100 feet), you can use hardscaping features like stone or gravel paths to create fire breaks. These are areas that do not support fire, helping to slow down its spread. If you have a lawn, ensure it is well-irrigated and regularly maintained to reduce its flammability.
   
   

5. Regular Maintenance and Inspection:
   Creating defensible space isn’t a one-time task—it requires regular maintenance. Make it a habit to clear dead vegetation, fallen leaves, and twigs. Keep tree branches trimmed, and inspect your gutters to prevent the accumulation of leaves and pine needles, which could catch fire from embers.
   
   

The Role of FireSafe Berkeley in Wildfire Defense

As part of the EMBER program, homeowners are encouraged to engage with FireSafe Berkeley, a local organization dedicated to wildfire preparedness. FireSafe Berkeley offers valuable resources and guidance on creating defensible space, fire-resistant landscaping, and general fire safety for Berkeley residents.

In addition to educational materials, FireSafe Berkeley runs programs like the Fuel Fire Chipper Program, which provides free vegetation clearing services for Berkeley residents. The organization also works closely with Firewise USA, a national initiative that promotes wildfire resilience in communities.

By working with FireSafe Berkeley, residents can ensure they’re following the latest safety guidelines and are well-equipped to protect their homes from the threat of wildfires.

How Zone Zero Fire Shield Can Help Protect Your Home

While defensible space and fire-resistant landscaping are essential, adding an additional layer of protection with Zone Zero Fire Shield can provide even more security for your home. Zone Zero Fire Shield offers fire-resistant blankets designed to protect homes from embers and radiant heat during wildfire events. These blankets are quickly deployable and offer an extra level of protection when wildfires are nearby.

For more information on Zone Zero Fire Shield and how it can help protect your home in Berkeley, contact us.

Conclusion: A Proactive Step Toward Wildfire Protection

Creating defensible space is one of the most effective ways to protect your home from wildfires. By following the guidelines set forth by Berkeley’s EMBER program and working with FireSafe Berkeley, you can ensure that your home is well-prepared to withstand the next wildfire threat. Don’t wait until the fire season arrives—start making your property more fire-resilient today.

Other Related Blogs in Our Series:

• What is Zone Zero in Wildfire Defence: Learn about the importance of Zone Zero, the ember-resistant zone, in protecting your home from wildfires.
  
  

• How to Harden Your Home for Wildfire Protection: Discover how strengthening your home’s structure can make it more resistant to wildfires.
  
  

• The Role of Fire-Resistant Landscaping in Wildfire Defense: Explore how landscaping choices can influence the effectiveness of your home’s wildfire defense strategy.

• Understanding Ember Attacks and How to Protect Your Home: A detailed look at how embers cause the majority of wildfire damage and how to defend your home against them.

Home Hardening: How to Prepare Your Home for Wildfire in Berkeley

When it comes to protecting your home from wildfires, home hardening is a critical strategy that goes beyond vegetation removal and defensible space. It's about making your home more resistant to the devastating effects of heat, flames, and embers that accompany a wildfire. In the case of Berkeley, which lies in a high-risk wildfire zone, homeowners must go the extra mile to ensure their homes are fire-resistant—and hardening your home is one of the most effective ways to do so.

This blog will guide you through the essential steps of home hardening—strategies to protect your home’s structure from the dangers of wildfires. By following these methods, you can significantly reduce the chances of your home igniting from ember attacks, radiant heat, and even direct flame contact. Let’s break down the key home hardening strategies that every homeowner in Berkeley should consider.

What is Home Hardening?

Home hardening involves making your home more resistant to wildfire damage by upgrading key components of your house and property to withstand the high heat and flying embers that come with wildfires. This proactive approach can prevent a wildfire from reaching your home or significantly reduce the damage it causes. Home hardening can include changes to roofing, windows, vents, and even decking materials.

While the EMBER program focuses on clearing vegetation and creating defensible space, home hardening is a structural effort that adds another layer of protection. Together, these strategies help ensure that your home is as resilient as possible in the event of a wildfire.

Key Home Hardening Strategies

1. Roofing:
   One of the most vulnerable parts of your home during a wildfire is the roof. Flying embers can easily ignite a roof, particularly if it is made of flammable materials. To protect your home, consider installing Class A fire-rated roofing materials such as metal, clay tiles, or concrete tiles. These materials are designed to withstand high temperatures and are much less likely to catch fire from embers. If your current roof is made of wood shakes or other combustible materials, replacing it with a fire-resistant option is an important step.
   
   

2. Vents and Screens:
   Vents are another common entry point for embers during a wildfire. Make sure your vents, including attic vents, soffit vents, and crawl space vents, are covered with 1/8-inch mesh metal screens. These screens are small enough to keep embers from entering while still allowing for ventilation. You can also install ember-resistant vents that are specifically designed to prevent ember infiltration.
   
   

3. Windows and Glass:
   Your windows can be a point of vulnerability during a wildfire, especially if they’re made of regular glass that can shatter from heat. Consider installing tempered glass or dual-pane windows. Tempered glass is heat-resistant and much harder to break, while dual-pane windows provide additional insulation to protect your home from the extreme heat. Another important step is to ensure window coverings (like curtains or blinds) are fire-resistant to prevent them from adding fuel to a fire if the window shatters.
   
   

4. Decks and Porches:
   Decks and porches are often overlooked but can be a significant fire hazard during a wildfire. If you have a wooden deck, consider replacing it with fire-resistant materials such as composite decking, concrete, or steel. It’s also crucial to clear any debris from under your deck, as it can easily catch fire and spread flames to your home. Fire-resistant railings and non-combustible under-deck screening can also help protect your deck area.
   
   

5. Fencing:
   Wooden fences and gates attached to your home can act as a bridge for fire to spread to your structure. Consider replacing these with non-combustible alternatives like stone, masonry, or steel. If you need to keep a fence for privacy, opt for fire-resistant materials that will not catch fire easily in the event of an ember attack.
   
   

6. Garage Doors and Entryways:
   The garage is another area of vulnerability, especially if it has a wooden door. Install a fire-rated garage door to ensure it can withstand the heat and prevent flames from entering. Adding weather stripping to seal gaps and self-closing fire doors between your garage and living areas can also help slow the spread of flames.
   
   

7. Fireproof Landscaping:
   In addition to hardening your home’s structure, consider implementing fire-resistant landscaping strategies. This includes using fire-resistant plants like succulents and low-growing shrubs, which are less likely to ignite. Replace flammable mulch with non-combustible options such as gravel, stone, or bark chips. Also, ensure that any firewood, propane tanks, or other combustibles are stored at least 30 feet away from your home.
   
   

How the EMBER Program Supports Home Hardening in Berkeley

The EMBER program encourages homeowners to implement home hardening strategies alongside defensible space requirements to create a comprehensive wildfire defense. The program provides resources and workshops for residents to learn about hardening their homes and improving wildfire resilience. In addition to the regulations, FireSafe Berkeley also offers assistance with grants and programs designed to help homeowners implement fire-resistant measures.

For more information on home hardening, check out the FireSafe Berkeley website for tips on fire-resistant materials, local resources, and community programs.

How Zone Zero Fire Shield Can Help Protect Your Home

While hardening your home is a significant step, adding an extra layer of protection with Zone Zero Fire Shield can further enhance your home’s wildfire defense. Zone Zero Fire Shield provides fire-resistant blankets that are designed to shield your home from embers, radiant heat, and flames during wildfire events. These blankets are easy to deploy and offer an additional layer of protection when wildfires are nearby.

For more information on how Zone Zero Fire Shield can help protect your home in Berkeley, contact us.

Conclusion: Strengthening Your Home’s Resilience

Home hardening is one of the most effective ways to prepare your home for the threat of wildfires. By investing in fire-resistant roofing, tempered glass windows, fireproof decks, and other key measures, you can ensure your home has the best chance of surviving a wildfire. The EMBER program in Berkeley supports homeowners in taking these steps, and organizations like FireSafe Berkeley provide the guidance and resources necessary to implement them.

Don’t wait for wildfire season—start hardening your home today to protect your loved ones, your home, and your future.

Other Related Blogs in Our Series:

• What is Zone Zero in Wildfire Defence: Learn about the importance of Zone Zero, the ember-resistant zone, in protecting your home from wildfires.
  
  

• The Role of Fire-Resistant Landscaping in Wildfire Defense: Explore how landscaping choices can influence the effectiveness of your home’s wildfire defense strategy.

• Understanding Ember Attacks and How to Protect Your Home: A detailed look at how embers cause the majority of wildfire damage and how to defend your home against them.
  

What is the EMBER Program? Berkeley's New Wildfire Safety Regulations Explained

What is the EMBER Program? Berkeley's New Wildfire Safety Regulations Explained

As wildfires continue to increase in both frequency and intensity, the City of Berkeley has introduced new and stringent regulations to protect homes and neighborhoods from the growing threat. This new initiative, known as the EMBER program (Effective Mitigations for Berkeley Ember Resilience), aims to mitigate the risks associated with wildfires by ensuring that properties in high-risk areas are prepared and resilient.

If you’re a homeowner in the Berkeley Hills or other areas identified as high-risk for wildfires, you may have heard about the new regulations requiring the removal of combustible materials from your property. These rules are designed to help protect your home from embers, the leading cause of wildfire ignitions. But what exactly does the EMBER program entail, and how can you comply with its guidelines to ensure your home is safe? Let’s break it down.

What is the EMBER Program?

The EMBER program is Berkeley’s new wildfire mitigation initiative that focuses on creating defensible space around homes to prevent them from catching fire during a wildfire, particularly from flying embers. The new regulations, which will take effect on January 1, 2026, require homeowners to clear combustible materials within five feet of their homes, decks, and other structures.

The goal of the EMBER program is to slow the spread of fire and to protect homes, particularly those in areas most vulnerable to embers that travel far ahead of the flames. This is especially important in Berkeley's high-risk neighborhoods like the Berkeley Hills, which are surrounded by dense vegetation and steep terrain that increase wildfire risks.

For more information on the EMBER program, check out the official City of Berkeley EMBER Program page for details on regulations and enforcement.

Key Components of the EMBER Program:

1. Combustible Material Removal:
   Homeowners must remove all flammable materials within five feet of their homes, including dry leaves, branches, wood mulch, and other materials that could catch fire. This also includes removing wood fences, firewood piles, and stored items like propane tanks, plastic bins, and wooden decks.
   
   

2. Vegetation Management:
   Overgrown vegetation, including trees and shrubs, must be trimmed back. This helps reduce the fuel load that can spread a fire toward your home. This requirement also includes maintaining space between trees and removing ladder fuels, which are plants or branches that could allow fire to climb from the ground to the canopy.
   
   

3. Maintenance of Gutters and Roofs:
   Homeowners are required to clear gutters, roofs, and decks of leaves, pine needles, and other combustible debris. This is essential for preventing embers from igniting debris on your roof, which is one of the most common ways homes catch fire during a wildfire.
   
   

4. Fire-Resistant Landscaping:
   Using non-combustible materials like gravel, pavers, and stone around your home is encouraged. This creates a barrier to prevent fire from spreading to your home. It's also important to use fire-resistant plants and avoid placing them too close to your house.
   
   

5. Enforcement:
   Homeowners who do not comply with these requirements may face fines of up to $500 per day for each violation. The city will provide inspections and give homeowners a two-week correction period to address any issues. If the issue persists, fines will be levied.
   
   

Why Does the EMBER Program Matter?

You may be wondering, "Why is all this necessary?" The truth is, wildfires don’t just burn from the flames themselves. In fact, embers—small, burning pieces of debris carried by the wind—are responsible for over 90% of home ignitions during wildfires. In the case of a fire approaching Berkeley, embers can travel miles ahead of the flames, landing on homes and igniting them before the fire itself reaches.

By creating defensible space, the EMBER program gives homeowners the tools to mitigate ember attacks and reduce the risk of fire spreading to their homes. It also creates a safer environment for firefighters, allowing them to work more effectively in high-risk areas without the added threat of embers igniting homes.

How to Prepare Your Home: Next Steps

1. Start by Clearing Vegetation:
   Begin by removing any dry leaves, branches, and shrubs within five feet of your home. If you have wooden fences or other combustible structures, now is the time to replace them with non-combustible alternatives like steel or masonry.
   
   

2. Install Fire-Resistant Materials:
   Consider investing in Class A fire-rated roofing, ember-resistant vents, and tempered glass windows to harden your home against potential wildfires. For more information on home hardening, check out our upcoming blog Home Hardening: How to Prepare Your Home for Wildfire in Berkeley.
   
   

3. Get Involved:
   The City of Berkeley offers resources to assist homeowners with clearing vegetation and preparing their homes for wildfire season. Programs like the Fuel Fire Chipper Program provide free services to help you clear vegetation, and organizations like Firewise USA encourage community involvement in wildfire preparedness. For more information, visit FireSafe Berkeley, or contact the Berkeley Fire Department's Wildland Division at wildfire@berkeleyca.gov.
   
   

How Zone Zero Can Help

While the EMBER program tackles vegetation and combustible material removal, you can take additional steps to protect your home with Zone Zero. Zone Zero Fire Shield provides an extra layer of protection with fire-resistant blankets designed to protect homes from embers, heat, and flames during wildfire events.

For more information on Zone Zero Fire Shield and how it can help protect your home in Berkeley, contact us.

Partnering with Berkeley FireSafe Council for Wildfire Prevention

The Berkeley FireSafe Council plays a crucial role in helping homeowners in Berkeley prepare for the increasing risk of wildfires. As a key partner in the city's wildfire prevention efforts, the council provides valuable resources, including educational materials, workshops, and hands-on programs to assist homeowners with fire prevention and defensible space strategies.

By working together with the FireSafe Council, residents can access the latest guidelines, receive expert advice on fire-resistant landscaping, and even participate in community-wide initiatives aimed at reducing fire risk. The Fuel Fire Chipper Program, offered by the FireSafe Council, allows Berkeley residents to get rid of excess vegetation, a critical step in making your property more fire-safe.

For more resources, including helpful tips and community engagement opportunities, visit the FireSafe Berkeley website or reach out directly for guidance on improving your home's wildfire resilience.

Conclusion: A Community Effort

The EMBER program is a vital step in preparing Berkeley for the increasing threat of wildfires. By working together as a community and taking the necessary precautions, we can ensure that our homes remain safe, even in the face of a wildfire. Don’t wait for disaster to strike—start making the necessary changes today to protect your home and your loved ones.

Other Related Blogs in Our Series:

• What is Zone Zero in Wildfire Defence: Learn about the importance of Zone Zero, the ember-resistant zone, in protecting your home from wildfires.
  
  

• How to Harden Your Home for Wildfire Protection: Discover how strengthening your home’s structure can make it more resistant to wildfires.
  
  

• The Role of Fire-Resistant Landscaping in Wildfire Defense: Explore how landscaping choices can influence the effectiveness of your home’s wildfire defense strategy.

• Understanding Ember Attacks and How to Protect Your Home: A detailed look at how embers cause the majority of wildfire damage and how to defend your home against them.